I'm not very confident in my translation of "kein ander Gott soll irren dich" in the second verse as "You should mistake no other God." The verb "irren" means "mistake" or "go astray," but this didn't seem to make sense with the nouns in what cases they are, so I inverted them: "kein ander Gott" is nominative, but I made it the accusative "no other God, and "dich" is accusative, but I made it the nominative "you." Basically, I translated the line based more on my familiarity with the Ten Commandments than on what the actual hymn text says.
I translated "nach mir" in the fourth verse as "according to Me," but I think it may also have a sense of "as to Me" (something like: "You should be obedient to your father and your mother as you would be obedient to Me").
As far as I can tell, this hymn isn't in The Lutheran Hymnal, Lutheran Worship, or The Lutheran Service Book. According to the Gesangbuch, the text is sung to "its own or the previous tune," which was "Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot."
There's a tune in Telemann's Fast allgemeines Evangelisch-Musicalisches Lieder-Buch that has the same title as this text (provided I'm reading Telemann's handwriting correctly), but I'm not sure it's the tune this text is sung to (because there seem to be many more notes than syllables). In any case, here's that tune:
10 You should not covet your neighbor's wife and house
Or anything from it;
You should wish him all good
As your heart does for itself.
Kyrie eleison.
11 The laws are given to all of us
So that you, O son of man,
Should recognize your sin and learn well
How one should live before God,
Kyrie eleison.
12 May the Lord Jesus Christ help us with that,
Who is become our Mediator;
It is lost with our actions,
To earn yet vain wrath.
Kyrie eleison.
Dr. M. Luther, 1524.
Part of the sixth verse ("noch selbst rächen dich" "nor avenge yourself") may be drawn from Romans 12:19 (which quotes Deuteronomy 32:35): "Rächt euch nicht selbst, meine Lieben, sondern gebt Raum dem Zorn Gottes; denn es steht geschrieben 'Die Rache ist mein; ich will vergelten, spricht der Herr.'" "Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.'"
I'm not super confident in my translation of "nicht wuchern jemands Schweiß noch Blut" as "Nor practice usury with someone's sweat or blood" in the eighth verse, particularly the verb "wuchern."
I don't know if my translation of the twelfth verse is very accurate. I think "helf" is subjunctive, so I translated it as "May... help." (Christ as mediator seems to be drawn from 1 Timothy 2:5: "For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" "Denn es ist ein Gott und ein Mittler zwischen Gott und den Menschen, nämlich der Mensch Christus Jesus") I understood the individual words in the last two lines, but I didn't really understand the whole sense.
This hymn appears as "That Man a Godly Life Might Live" in The Lutheran Hymnal (#287), "Here Is the Tenfold Sure Command" in Lutheran Worship (#331), and "These Are the Holy Ten Commands" in The Lutheran Service Book (#581). In all of these, and as the Gesangbuch notes, the text is sung to "its own tune," although in LW and LSB, the tune is titled "In Gottes Namen fahren wir." Here's the TLH arrangement:
And here are two arrangements from Telemann's Fast allgemeines Evangelisch-Musicalisches Lieder-Buch:
This is the first hymn in a new section: "Katechismus-Lieder" "Catechism Songs"
German text in the Gesangbuch:
1 Herr Gott, erhalt uns für und für
die reine Katechismuslehr,
der jungen einfältigen Welt
durch deinen Luther fürgestellt.
2 Daß wir lernen die zehn Gebot,
beweinen unsre Sünd und Noth
und doch an dich und deinen Sohn
gläuben in Geist erleuchtet schon.
3 Dich, unsern Vater, rufen an,
der allen helfen will und kann,
daß wir als Kinder nach der Tauf
christlich vollbringen unsern Lauf.
4 So jemand fällt, nicht liegen bleib,
sondern zur Beichte komm und gläube,
zur Stärkung nehm das Sacrament.
Amen, Gott geb ein selig End.
M. Ludwig Helmhold, 1577.
My prose translation:
1 Lord God, preserve for us forever
The pure teaching of the catechism,
Put forth by Your Luther
To the young, naïve world.
2 That we learn the Ten Commandments,
Lament our sin and distress,
And yet would believe in You and Your Son,
Enlightened already in the Spirit.
3 We call to You, our Father,
Who wants to and can help all
So that we as children after baptism
Christlike run our race.
4 If someone falls, do not remain lying
But rather come to confession and believe;
For strengthening, take the Sacrament.
Amen, may God give a blessed end.
M. Ludwig Helmhold, 1577.
I switched the last two lines of the first verse to get a smoother English translation.
I translated "vollbringen unsern Lauf" in the third verse as "run our race," as an echo of part of Hebrews 12:1 ("let us run with endurance the race that is set before us"), but there isn't as close a resemblance to this passage in my German New Testament ("laßt uns laufen mit Geduld in dem Kampf, der uns bestimmt ist").
This hymn appears as "Lord, Help Us Ever to Retain" in The Lutheran Hymnal (#288), Lutheran Worship (#477), and The Lutheran Service Book (#865). In all of these, the hymn is paired with the tune "Herr Jesu Christ, mein's," but according to the Gesangbuch, the text is sung to "its own tune."
Help us everywhere suppress the cares of the world
And wicked desires.
9 O Lord, let Your word in all ways be
The light to our feet;
Keep it clear and pure with us;
Help that out of it we enjoy
Strength, counsel, and comfort in all distress
So that in life and in death
We constantly trust in it.
10 God the Father, to Your glory let
Your word spread wide;
Help, Jesus, that Your teaching
May enlighten and lead us;
O Holy Ghost, let Your divine word
Continually work in us
Patience, love, hope, [and] faith.
David Denike, 1637.
In the first verse, the lines "Dein Wesen, Wille und Gebot / ist viel zu hoch und wichtig" ("Your being, will, and command / Are much too high and important"), which have a subject-verb disagreement (plural subject but singular verb), bear some resemblance to Psalm 139:6: "Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high; I cannot attain it." I translated the line "wir wissens und verstehens nicht" as "We neither know nor understand it," although in the original, there's only one "not" ("We know it and understand it not").
I had to shuffle some elements in the second verse to get a smoother English translation. As a whole, the verse is something of an expansion of Hebrews 1:1-2: "1 Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, 2 but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son...."
The line "Frucht hundertfältig bringen" ("To bring fruit a hundredfold") at the end of the fifth verse and all of the sixth verse refer to the Parable of the Sower (Matthew 13:3-9, 18-23; Mark 4:2-20; and Luke 8:4-15). I switched the last two lines of the sixth verse ("von Sorg und Wollust dieser Welt / verdirbet und ersticket") to get a smoother English translation.
I don't know what the antecedent of "seinem" is in the line "in seinem gutem Herzen" at the end of the seventh verse. It can't be "Lehr" or "Huld" because those are both feminine nouns. I just left it out of my translation; instead of "In its good heart" or "In his good heart," I have just "In a good heart."
Part of the eighth verse ("Laß uns... den Weg der Sünder meiden" "Let us... Avoid the way of sinners") echoes part of Psalm 1:1: "Wohl dem, der nicht wandelt im Rat der Gottlosen noch tritt auf den Weg der Sünder noch sitzt, wo die Spötter sitzen" "Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers"
The beginning of the ninth verse ("Dein Wort, o Herr, laß allweg sein / die Leuchte unsern Füßen" "O Lord, let Your word in all ways be / The light to our feet") is drawn from Psalm 119:105: "Dein Wort ist meines Fußes Leuchte und ein Licht auf meinem Wege." "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path."
Some of the qualities at the end of the tenth verse ("Lieb, Hoffnung, Glauben" "love, hope, faith") also appear together in 1 Corinthians 13:13: "Nun aber bleiben Glaube, Hoffnung, Liebe, diese drei; aber die Liebe ist die größte unter ihnen." "So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love."
As far as I can tell, this hymn isn't in The Lutheran Hymnal, Lutheran Worship, or The Lutheran Service Book. According to the Gesangbuch, the text is sung to the tune "Es ist das Heil uns kommen [her]." Here's the TLH arrangement:
And here's an arrangement from Telemann's Fast allgemeines Evangelisch-Musicalisches Lieder-Buch: